Name: 
 

8th Grade Final Exam Study Guide


Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
 

 1. 
A battery used to operate a portable radio or a flashlight is also called a dry cell.

 

 2. 
In a series circuit, there is only one parth for the electrons to take.

 

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
 

 3. 
Force equals mass times inertia.
 

 4. 
Rubbing separates charges on atoms.
 

 5. 
The particles in fluids are tightly packed together.
 

 6. 
3. All forms of energy can be converted to other forms.
 

 7. 
The density of water is 1 g/cmtf007-1.jpg.
 

 8. 
Chemical energy cannot be changed to electric energy.
 

 9. 
On the Earth’s surface, the force of gravity increases as the masses of objects increase.
 

 10. 
2. The work done by a machine is called the work output.
 

 11. 
Electricity in homes is direct current.
 

 12. 
5. Mechanical energy is the most concentrated form of energy.
 

 13. 
Balanced forces maintain motion at a constant velocity.
 

 14. 
Lightning contains only small amounts of electric energy.
 

 15. 
The comparison of work output to work input is called the mechanical advantage.
 

 16. 
All compounds that contain hydrogen are acids.
 

 17. 
Fluids exert pressure in all directions.
 

 18. 
The force of gravity increases as the masses of objects decrease.
 

 19. 
All pH values above 7 represent equally basic solutions.
 

 20. 
The total area of both pistons in a hydraulic lift is the same.
 

 21. 
2. Energy stored in an object is called kinetic energy.
 

 22. 
Neutral atoms become charged when they gain electrons.
 

 23. 
When the air moving over the top of an airplane wing is going faster than the air moving under the bottom of the wing, the airplane will go down.
 

 24. 
Weight is measured in newtons.
 

 25. 
Hydrocarbons contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
 

 26. 
1. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed by ordinary means.
 

 27. 
According to Newton’s second law of motion, force equals mass times weight.
 

 28. 
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
 

 29. 
A wheel and axle is a chain, belt, or rope wrapped around a wheel.
 

 30. 
4. The sun's energy source is chemical energy.
 

 31. 
The pressure in a moving stream of fluid is more than the pressure in the surrounding fluid.
 

 32. 
The release of nuclear energy is demonstrated by the growth of body cells.
 

 33. 
Energy of position is kinetic energy.
 

 34. 
You have potential energy when you stand still on top of a ramp.
 

 35. 
X-rays are a form of chemical energy.
 

 36. 
The dry cell is a source of electricity.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 37. 
A  mass of 5 kg has a weight of
a.
5N.
c.
 49 kg m/sec.
b.
49N.
d.
5 kg m/sec/sec.
 

 38. 
Vaporization in a fractionating tower causes the crude oil to be
a.
combined and collected
c.
separated and collected
b.
collected and combined
d.
collected and separated
 

 39. 
One newton equals one
a.
 kg-m.
c.
  kg
b.
 kg-m/sec.
d.
kg-m/sec/sec.
 

 40. 
The process of separating petroleum into its fractions is called
a.
boiling
c.
refining
b.
sublimation
d.
condensation
 

 41. 
Light produced by electron bombardment of low-pressure gases is
a.
fluorescent
c.
luminous
b.
illuminated
d.
incandescent
 

 42. 
A good electrical conductor is
a.
rubber
c.
copper
b.
glass
d.
wood
 

 43. 
An example of balanced forces is
a.
a book resting on a desk.
c.
a tire with treads gaining speed on an icy road.
b.
 two soccer players running in opposite directions.
d.
 a person skating back and forth on a rink.
 

 44. 
Which of the following is not an example of an object with potential energy?
a.
moving baseball
c.
car battery
b.
wrecking ball
d.
diver prepared to jump off a diving board
 

 45. 
For work to be done, the direction of
a.
the applied force must be perpendicular to the direction of motion.
c.
motion must be perpendicular to the direction of the applied force.
b.
 the applied force must be the same as the direction of motion.
d.
the applied force must be opposite to the direction of motion.
 

 46. 
The ohm is the unit of measurement for electric
a.
voltage
c.
current
b.
resistance
d.
fields
 

 47. 
Machines
a.
multiply force or distance.
c.
multiply work.
b.
apply an effort force.
d.
make work output greater than work input.
 

 48. 
To find pressure, you must know
a.
weight and volume
c.
mass and area
b.
force and mass
d.
force and area
 

 49. 
For every action, the reaction is
a.
unequal and in the same direction.
c.
unequal and opposite.
b.
equal and in the same direction
d.
equal and opposite.
 

 50. 
If 51 g of a substance takes up 75 cmmc050-1.jpgof space, the density of the substance is
a.
0.68 cmmc050-2.jpg/g.
c.
1.47 cmmc050-4.jpg/g.
b.
0.68 g/cmmc050-3.jpg
d.
1.47 g/cmmc050-5.jpg
 

 51. 
An object floats because it displaces a weight of fluid
a.
less than its own weight.
c.
with a density greater than 1 gr/cmmc051-1.jpg
b.
equal to or greater than its own weight.
d.
equal to its volume
 

 52. 
According to Ohm's law, I =
a.
V.
c.
R.
b.
V/R.
d.
R/V.
 

 53. 
No force is necessary to
a.
stop an object from moving.
c.
cause a change in the motion of an object.
b.
 keep an object doing what it is already doing.
d.
start an object moving.
 

 54. 
An example of rolling friction is
a.
the fall of a feather through the air.
c.
the use of ball bearings.
b.
 sand placed on an icy walk.
d.
a stack of cartons being pushed across a floor.
 

 55. 
Static electricity is described as
a.
electrons in motion.
c.
a flow of electricity.
b.
current
d.
electrons moving from one object to another and then remaining at rest.
 

 56. 
For induction to occur,
a.
contact is necessary.
c.
friction is necessary.
b.
no contact is necessary.
d.
conduction is necessary.
 

 57. 
In order to float in air, balloons are filled with
a.
equal Parts of helium and carbon dioxide.
c.
helium because helium is less dense than air.
b.
carbon dioxide because carbon dioxide is less dense than air.
d.
neither helium nor carbon dioxide.
 

 58. 
The number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the
a.
number of electrons in all other atoms
c.
number of neutrons in that atom.
b.
sum of the protons and neutrons in that atom.
d.
number of protons in that atom.
 

 59. 
The chemical reaction between an acid and a base is called    
a.
ionization
c.
dissociation
b.
neutralization
d.
emulsification
 

 60. 
Like charges
a.
first attract and then repel each other.
c.
do not affect each other.
b.
repel each other.
d.
attract each other.
 

 61. 
A unit used to measure force is a
a.
newton
c.
joule
b.
watt
d.
newton-meter
 

 62. 
An example of a hydraulic system is
a.
a hot air balloon.
c.
person floating in a salty body of water.
b.
the lift on a barber's chair.
d.
a ball bearing.
 

 63. 
The number of complete wave cycles per unit time is called
a.
frequency
c.
speed
b.
amplitude
d.
wavelength
 

 64. 
The name given to the molecular units that make up a polymer is
a.
vaporization
c.
monomer
b.
fractional distillation
d.
condensation
 

 65. 
Electrons are described as
a.
lacking charges
c.
stationary charges.
b.
moving charges.
d.
nuclear particles
 

 66. 
Which of the following indicates that light is made up of particles rather than waves?
a.
bending and separation
c.
refraction
b.
photoelectric effect
d.
reflection
 

 67. 
A  unit of power is a
a.
watt
c.
newton-meter
b.
meter
d.
newton
 

 68. 
Electromagnetic energy is associated with
a.
 the motion of electric charges.
c.
motion
b.
the nuclei of atoms.
d.
chemical reactions.
 

 69. 
An object will float in a fluid if the density of the fluid is
a.
equal to or less than the density of the object.
c.
 unrelated to either the mass or the volume of the object.
b.
 less than the density of the object.
d.
greater than the density of the object.
 

 70. 
Which of the following is an example of an illuminated object?
a.
fluorescent tube
c.
sun
b.
light bulb
d.
moon
 

 71. 
A circuit is in series if
a.
 only one circuit is open and the other branches are closed.
c.
different parts are on separate branches.
b.
electrons may take several paths.
d.
 electrons have only one path at all times.
 

 72. 
1. Pressure is force
a.
times area.
c.
 times mass.
b.
divided by area.
d.
divided by mass.
 

 73. 
A fulcrum is
a.
measured in joules.
c.
measured in newton-meters.
b.
the place where a lever is supported.
d.
a support for an inclined plane.
 

 74. 
A movable pulley can
a.
have a mechanical advantage of less than one.
c.
multiply force.
b.
multiply distance.
d.
change the direction of the force.
 

 75. 
Silver, copper, and mercury are examples of good electric
a.
radiators
c.
conductors
b.
insulators
d.
inductors
 

 76. 
Power equals work
a.
divided by weight.
c.
divided by distance.
b.
times distance.
d.
divided by time
 

 77. 
The strength of an electric field
a.
is not affected by the distance from a charged particle.
c.
increases as the distance from a charged particle increases.
b.
 decreases as the distance from a charged particle increases.
d.
decreases as the distance from a charged particle decreases.
 

 78. 
Light waves are
a.
electric and magnetic
c.
electric and soundlike
b.
electric only
d.
magnetic and soundlike
 

 79. 
Treads on tires
a.
increase friction.
c.
 reduce friction.
b.
decrease stopping motion
d.
prevent the braking of a car.
 

 80. 
An example of a wave that an be transmitted through a vacuum is
a.
neither light nor sound
c.
both light and sound
b.
light
d.
sound
 

 81. 
The first law of motion states
a.
that an object in motion will remain in motion at constant velocity.
c.
that an object at rest will remain at rest.
b.
all of the above.
d.
that an unbalanced force can change the velocity of an object in motion.
 

 82. 
1. Atoms are made up of
a.
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
c.
molecules
b.
protons and electrons
d.
neutrons only.
 

 83. 
The brake system on a car is an example of a (an)
a.
 lever
c.
hydraulic device
b.
simple machine
d.
inclined plane
 

 84. 
Fluids are
a.
liquids
c.
either liquids or gases
b.
either solids or gases
d.
liquids, gases and solids
 

 85. 
Which of the following is not a fluid?     
a.
water
c.
air
b.
oil
d.
sugar
 

 86. 
According to Ohm’s law, if the resistance in a circuit is 25 ohms and the voltage is 5 volts, then the current flow in the circuit will equal
a.
5 amperes
c.
0.2 ampere
b.
125 amperes
d.
30 amperes
 

 87. 
The law of motion that describes action-reaction is the
a.
first law
c.
 third law.
b.
law of gravity.
d.
second law.
 

 88. 
Protons are described as
a.
neutral particles.
c.
negatively charged particles
b.
lacking charge.
d.
positively charged particles.
 

 89. 
Newton’s third law of motion describes 
a.
motion when a balanced force acts on an object.
c.
why forces act in pairs.
b.
motion when an unbalanced force acts on an object.
d.
all aspects of an object’s motion.
 

 90. 
Forces can cause objects to
a.
change direction only.
c.
start moving, change direction, or stop moving.
b.
 start moving only.
d.
stop moving only.
 

 91. 
You can hear a sound that is produced out of sight around the corner of a building because of
a.
diffraction
c.
reflection
b.
interference
d.
refraction
 

 92. 
For a wave of wavelength 4m and frequency 8 waves/sec
a.
speed =2m/sec
c.
amplitude = 0.5
b.
speed = 32 m/sec
d.
amplitude = 32 m.
 

 93. 
An object's kinetic energy varies with its
a.
mass and velocity.
c.
mass and volume.
b.
volume and velocity.
d.
 mass and weight.
 

 94. 
When the metal leaves of an electroscope hang straight down,
a.
the electroscope is uncharged.
c.
the leaves are repelling each other.
b.
current is passing through the leaves.
d.
an electric charge is present.
 

 95. 
Mechanical energy is associated with
a.
the nuclei of atoms
c.
motion
b.
chemical reactions
d.
the internal motion of particles of matter.
 

 96. 
The primary reason for the existence of so many organic compounds is the ability of carbon atoms to
a.
dissolve readily in other organic substances.
c.
form either covalent or ionic compounds.
b.
form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
d.
either gain or lose electrons in a chemical reaction.
 

 97. 
What is the pressure if a force of 20 N is exerted over an area of 10 cmmc097-1.jpg?
a.
20 N /cmmc097-2.jpg
c.
2 N /cmmc097-4.jpg
b.
200 N/cmmc097-3.jpg
d.
10 N/cmmc097-5.jpg
 

 98. 
Which of the following crude oil products is not used as fuel?
a.
gasoline
c.
asphalt
b.
diesel fuel
d.
kerosene
 

 99. 
What is the pressure if a force of 200 N is applied over an area of 50 cmmc099-1.jpg
a.
4 N/cmmc099-2.jpg
c.
0.24 N/cmmc099-4.jpg
b.
10,000 N/cmmc099-3.jpg
d.
150 N/cmmc099-5.jpg
 

 100. 
The amount of work done by two boys who apply 200 N of force in an unsuccessful attempt to move a stalled car is
a.
400 N-m
c.
400 N
b.
0
d.
200 N-m
 

 101. 
Static electricity is not produced by
a.
insulation
c.
friction
b.
conduction
d.
induction
 

 102. 
No machine has 100 percent efficiency due to
a.
 an increase in distance.
c.
 none of these.
b.
friction
d.
resistance forces.
 

 103. 
All acids contain the element            
a.
oxygen.    
c.
nitrogen
b.
chlorine
d.
hydrogen. 
 

 104. 
When the area over which pressure is applied is increased,
a.
the pressure decreases.
c.
the pressure increases
b.
the force on that area increases
d.
the pressure first increases and decreases
 

 105. 
The byouant force exerted by a fluid can be
a.
greater than the weight of the object
c.
the same as the weight of the object
b.
less than the weight of the object
d.
all of the above.
 

 106. 
An airplane wing is designed to make the air move
a.
at the same speed over the top as under the bottom
c.
faster over the top than under the bottom
b.
slower over the top than under the bottom
d.
sloweer  over the top as well as under the bottom
 

 107. 
A force exerted over a distance to move an object is
a.
 measured in newtons.
c.
velocity
b.
momentum
d.
work
 

 108. 
The mechanical advantage of a machine is the number of time it
a.
multiplies the resistance force.
c.
changes the direction of the effort force.
b.
multiples the effort force
d.
changes the direction of the resistance force.
 

 109. 
Which of the following is not a third-class lever?
a.
scissors
c.
baseball bat
b.
broom
d.
shovel
 

 110. 
An example of a compound machine is a
a.
pair of scissors.
c.
hammer
b.
pair of pliers
d.
typewriter
 

 111. 
1. Ajoule is a measure of
a.
energy
c.
density
b.
distance
d.
volume
 

 112. 
Nuclear energy is
a.
energy that bonds atoms or ions together.
c.
a result of the motion of electric charges.
b.
contained in the nuclei of atoms.
d.
a result of the internal motion of particles of matter.
 

 113. 
An example of stored chemical energy is
a.
gasoline in an automobile.
c.
the sun's energy.
b.
 an electric motor.
d.
light
 

 114. 
The factor that has the greatest effect on kinetic energy is
a.
mass
c.
velocity
b.
weight
d.
density
 

 115. 
Electrons that move from one object to another and then remain at rest produce
a.
current electricity
c.
static electricity
b.
series electricity
d.
parallel electricity
 

 116. 
Potential difference is measured in a unit called a (an)
a.
ampere
c.
watt
b.
ohm
d.
volt
 

 117. 
If the different parts of an electric circuit are found on separate branches of the circuit, the circuit is called a (an)
a.
open circuit
c.
parallel circuit
b.
transistor circuit
d.
series circuit
 

 118. 
As the length of a wire increases, the resistance
a.
increases
c.
remains the same
b.
decreases
d.
disappears
 

 119. 
One reason air pressure increases at lower altitudes is because
a.
there are fewer air particles in a given area.
c.
the air particles have more mass.
b.
there are more air particles in a given area.
d.
the air particles have less mass.
 

 120. 
Work divided by time equals
a.
force
c.
power
b.
distance
d.
mass
 

 121. 
Energy is defined as
a.
power
c.
 a change in motion.
b.
the ability to produce heat.
d.
the ability to do work or cause change.
 

 122. 
Potential energy is energy that is
a.
in motion.
c.
not capable of doing work.
b.
stored
d.
not capable of causing change.
 

 123. 
An archer’s stretched bow has energy of
a.
motion
c.
the kinetic type.
b.
position
d.
velocity
 

 124. 
Kinetic energy depends upon
a.
   velocity only
c.
 mass and velocity.
b.
 mass only
d.
position
 

 125. 
The maximum gravitational potential energy of a ball thrown up into the air is reached
a.
when it leaves the thrower’s hands.
c.
at the top of its path.
b.
  as it speeds up.
d.
  at the bottom of its path.
 

 126. 
An example of potential energy is
a.
energy available from fuel.
c.
a stretched spring.
b.
an object held above the Earth’s surface.
d.
  all of these.
 

 127. 
The suns energy as used by green plants is an example of
a.
light energy converted to kinetic energy.
c.
 light energy converted to mechanical energy.
b.
light energy converted to heat energy.
d.
light energy converted to chemical energy.
 

 128. 
The internal motion of particles of matter is called
a.
mechanical energy.
c.
electromagnetic energy.
b.
chemical energy
d.
heat energy.
 

 129. 
Which of the following has the most kinetic energy?
a.
downhill skier
c.
battleship moving at 50 km/hr
b.
cross-country skier
d.
bird flying at 50 km/hr
 

 130. 
Einstein explained that
a.
mass is the same no matter where it is.
c.
mass and energy are unrelated and cannot be converted into each other.
b.
 mass and energy are related and can be converted into each other.
d.
the speed of light depends on mass.
 

 131. 
Neutrons are described as
a.
positively charged particles.
c.
either positively or negatively charged particles.
b.
negatively charged particles.
d.
neutral particles.
 

 132. 
A force of attraction exists between
a.
two protons.
c.
a proton and electron
b.
two electrons.
d.
two neurons
 

 133. 
When a neutral object gains electrons,
a.
its overall charge is positive
c.
 it stays neutral.
b.
its overall charge is negative.
d.
 it loses the same number of electrons simultaneously.
 

 134. 
Protons and electrons
a.
are free to move.
c.
are equal in number in a neutral atom.
b.
are located in the nucleus.
d.
all of the above
 

 135. 
Rubbing a balloon with a piece of cloth is an example of charging an object by
a.
friction
c.
induction
b.
conduction
d.
reduction
 

 136. 
When a glass rod loses electrons as the result of being rubbed with silk,
a.
the charge on the silk is positive.
c.
both rod and silk remain neutral.
b.
the charge on the glass rod is positive.
d.
the rod becomes charged, but the silk remains neutral.
 

 137. 
Electric discharge is a
a.
gain in both positive and negative charges.
c.
loss of static electricity.
b.
gain in static electricity.
d.
loss of positive charges.
 

 138. 
Static electricity is defined as
a.
 friction between two objects
c.
stationary electricity.
b.
current
d.
electricity in a circuit.
 

 139. 
When static electricity is lost by electric charges moving off an object, there may be a production of
a.
light
c.
 sound and heat.
b.
light and sound.
d.
light, sound, and heat.
 

 140. 
If a negatively charged rubber rod touches the knob of an uncharged electroscope, the leaves of the electroscope
a.
gain positive charges.
c.
hang straight down.
b.
gain negative charges.
d.
attract each other.
 

 141. 
The conducting liquid in a wet cell is called a(an)
a.
paste
c.
electrolyte
b.
electrode
d.
battery
 

 142. 
Electrons moving through wires may
a.
flow in one direction only.
c.
change direction and remain that way.
b.
reverse their direction regularly.
d.
all of the above
 

Matching
 
 
a.
Sink
b.
Float
 

 143. 

 What will happen when steel(Density 7.8 g/cmma143-1.jpg) is placed in water? (Density 1.0 g/cmma143-2.jpg)
 

 144. 

 What will happen when wood (0.8 g/cmma144-1.jpg)is placed in water? (1.0 g/cmma144-2.jpg)
 

 145. 

 What will happen when steel(7.8 g/cmma145-1.jpg) is placed in mercury? (13.5 g/cmma145-2.jpg)
 

 146. 

 What will happen when wood (0.8 g/cmma146-1.jpg) is placed in mercury? (13.5 g/cmma146-2.jpg)
 

 147. 

 What will happen when mercury(13.5 g/cmma147-1.jpg) is placed in water? (1.0 g/cmma147-2.jpg)
 

Essay
 

 148. 
Explain why an object seems to lose weight when it is immersed in water?
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 149. 
Using Bernoulli’s principle, explain how an airplane is able to lift up into the air.
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 150. 
Explain how a hydraulic device works?     
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 151. 
A porter carries a 25 kg suitcase a distance of 1 km. Explain why the porter does no work.
 

 152. 
Explain why a second-class lever will always multiply force and a third-class lever will always multiply distance.
 

 153. 
1. Describe the kinetic-potential conversions that occur as a pendulum swings from side to side.
 

 154. 
Explain the relationship between mass and energy.
 

 155. 
Identify the five forms of energy and give an example of each.
 

 156. 
Compare the processes of conduction and induction.     
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 157. 
Discuss why most of the circuts in your home ar econnected in parallel instead of in series.
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