True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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The boundary that separates the inner core from the mantle is the Moho.
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2.
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S waves produced within the Earth cannot pass through liquids.
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3.
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The inner core of the Earth has been identified as a dense liquid.
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4.
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The mantle is that layer of the Earth which lies above the inner core.
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5.
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Drilling from the outside of the Earth, you would have to pass through the
mantle before you could reach the Moho.
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6.
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Porosity is the ability of a solid to act like a liquid and change shape.
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7.
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Soil, rock, and water are the three forms of matter that are in direct contact
with and cover the mantle of the Earth.
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8.
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The layer of the Earth that accounts for more than 60 percent of the mass of the
Earth is the mantle.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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9.
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The core of the Earth can be studied by
a. | drilling into it. | c. | chemically analyzing Earth core rocks. | b. | examining core
samples. | d. | studying core
seismic wave patterns. |
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10.
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As shock waves travel through the Earth they
a. | all travel at the same speed. | c. | penetrate the depths of the Earth
and then return to the surface. | b. | all arrive at recording devices at the same
time. | d. | penetrate the depths
of the Earth and disappear in the inner core. |
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11.
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Which of the following is not a distinct layer of the Earth?
a. | outer core | c. | Moho | b. | mantle | d. | crust |
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12.
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The core of the Earth is composed of
a. | magnesium and silicon. | c. | nickel and oxygen. | b. | iron and silicon. | d. | nickel and
iron. |
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13.
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Two layers of the Earth that are made up of the same two major elements are
the
a. | mantle and outer core. | c. | inner core and mantle. | b. | inner core and
outer core. | d. | crust and inner
core. |
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14.
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The layer that lies just above the outer core of the Earth is the
a. | crust | c. | mantle | b. | inner core | d. | Moho |
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15.
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Scientists infer knowledge about the Earth's deep interior core from
a. | mine shift rocks | c. | X-ray images | b. | oil well samples. | d. | earthquakes. |
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16.
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Crustal rocks differ from inner core rocks in that they are not abundant
in
a. | silicon | c. | iron | b. | oxygen | d. | nickel |
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17.
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Earthquakes produce and scientists record
a. | P and W waves. | c. | A and S waves. | b. | S and P waves | d. | S and B waves. |
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18.
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All layers of the Earth are similar in that they contain
a. | iron | c. | silicon | b. | nickel | d. | oxygen |
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19.
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The best place to drill for samples of rock from the Moho would be through
the
a. | Rocky Mountains. | c. | floor of the Sahara Desert. | b. | oceanic
crust. | d. | continental
crust. |
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20.
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Our lithosphere is
a. | made of water. | c. | a maximum of 35 km thick | b. | cold near the
center | d. | made of soil, sand,
and rock |
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21.
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The crust of the Earth
a. | cannot be seen. | c. | is thin beneath the oceans | b. | is very hot.a
maximum of 35 km thick. | d. | is
thicker than the mantle |
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22.
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From the center of the Earth to its surface,
a. | pressure and temperature decrease, | c. | pressure and temperature
increase. | b. | temperature decreases and pressure increases | d. | pressure decreases and temperature
increases. |
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23.
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The Earth's mantle is
a. | less dense than the crust. | c. | thinner than the
crust. | b. | thicker than the inner core. | d. | deeper in the Earth than the outer
core. |
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24.
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The liquid layer of the Earth composed of nickel and iron is the
a. | crust | c. | mantle | b. | outer core. | d. | inner core. |
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25.
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The crust beneath the oceans is
a. | thinner than the crust under continents. | c. | less dense than continental
crust. | b. | thicker than the crust under mountains | d. | covered by a thicker layer of granite than
continental crust. |
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26.
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The reason that iron in the Earth's inner core exists as a solid is
its
a. | chemical composition. | c. | pressure | b. | temperature | d. | volume |
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27.
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At a depth of 2900 km, P waves generated by earthquakes
a. | move slowly through liquids. | c. | move more slowly than S waves
through liquids. | b. | fail to pass through liquids. | d. | move well through
liquids. |
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28.
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The seven lithospheric plates on our planet float on
a. | solid granite. | c. | hot molten material | b. | the inner core. | d. | the outer core. |
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29.
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The Moho is positioned between the
a. | mantle and crust. | c. | mantle and outer core. | b. | outer core and
inner core. | d. | inner core and
mantle. |
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30.
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The inner core can be distinguished from the outer core by its
a. | greater thickness. | c. | location at 2900 km below the Earth's
crust. | b. | content of iron and nickel. | d. | solid state. |
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31.
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The presence of a magnetic field in the Earth is believed to be due to
a. | magnesium in the Earth's crust | c. | iron in the inner
core. | b. | nickel in the outer core.
| d. | silicon in the
mantle. |
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32.
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The Earth's thickest layer is the
a. | outer core. | c. | mantle | b. | Moho | d. | inner core. |
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33.
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The most abundant elements in the crust of the Earth are
a. | iron and silicon | c. | calcium and aluminum. | b. | oxygen and
silicon | d. | magnesium and
Oxygen |
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34.
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P waves travel
a. | easily through solids and liquids. | c. | easily through solids .but not
easily through liquids. | b. | easily through liquids but not easily through
solids. | d. | through neither
solids nor liquids. |
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35.
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Seismic waves are produced by
a. | earthquakes | c. | heated liquids. | b. | heated solids. | d. | the Earth's magnetic
field. |
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36.
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A solid that has plasiticity
a. | is at low pressure. | c. | cannot change shape. | b. | is at low temperature | d. | can flow |
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37.
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Temperatures in the mantle range between
a. | 0°C and 870°C. | c. | 2200°C and
5000°C | b. | 870°C and 2200°C | d. | 500°C and 10,000°C. |
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38.
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 What is the approximate radius of the
Earth or the distance from its surface to its center? a. | 6400 km | c. | 2000 km | b. | 3000 km | d. | 6400 m |
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39.
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What is the approximate thickness of layer A
a. | more than 100 km | c. | generally less than 50 km | b. | 2000
km | d. | 200
km |
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40.
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Layer A is called:
a. | moho | c. | mantle | b. | crust | d. | core |
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41.
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What is the approximate thickness of layer B?
a. | 290 cm | c. | 2900 km | b. | 7 km | d. | 500 km |
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42.
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What is layer B called?
a. | mantle | c. | crust | b. | moho | d. | asthenosphere |
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43.
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What is the approximate thickness of layer C?
a. | 500 km | c. | 2250 m | b. | 1000 km | d. | 2250 km |
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44.
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What is layer C called?
a. | the inner core | c. | the moho | b. | the outer core | d. | the mantle |
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45.
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What is layer D called?
a. | the outer core | c. | the moho | b. | the inner core | d. | the mantle |
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Essay
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46.
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Explain how P waves and S waves revealed information about the Earth’s
structure.
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47.
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Compare continental crust and oceanic crust.
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