True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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Earthquakes result from folding, which is a break in the Earth’s
crust.
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2.
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A giant sea wave called a tsunami can be created as a result of vibration from
an earthquake.
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3.
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The epicenter is the underground point of origin of an earthquake.
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4.
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The Van Allen scale measures the strength of earthquakes.
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5.
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An earthquake that measures a 5 on the Richter scale is ten times stronger than
an earthquake that measures a 4 on the same scale.
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6.
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Shields are volcanic bombs the size of golf balls that are hurled from a volcano
during an eruption.
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7.
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Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the largest known shield volcano.
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8.
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When the top of a volcano collapses or explodes, a caldera forms at the site of
the volcano.
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9.
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The material that composes a cinder cone volcano is very solidly packed, giving
the volcano considerable height.
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10.
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Lava is classified only in two distinct categories.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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Earthquakes result from
a. | lava flows that solidify on the surface of the Earth’s crust. | c. | sudden movements
of part of the Earth’s crust. | b. | cinders being blown into the
atmosphere.
| d. | tsunamis
that crash into shorelines. |
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12.
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Earthquake waves can be simulated by
a. | throwing a rock up in the air. | c. | allowing a cake mix to flow across
a baking pan. | b. | pouring water into an empty pan. | d. | throwing a rock into a
pond. |
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13.
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The focus of an earthquake is
a. | a spot on the surface of the Earth where an earthquake
originates. | c. | located where the fault line appears at the Earth’s
surface. | b. | at the surface of the ocean where P waves begin. | d. | beneath the Earth’s surface where the
rocks break and move. |
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14.
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In most cases, earthquakes are caused by
a. | folding | c. | faulting | b. | isostasy | d. | erosion |
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15.
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P waves from an
earthquake
a. | are the slowest waves. | c. | cause the most damage. | b. | arrive at a given
point before other seismic waves. | d. | always arrive at a given point after S waves. |
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16.
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S waves
a. | travel through solids, liquids, and gases. | c. | travel through solids but not
liquids. | b. | travel through liquids but not solids. | d. | do not travel through solids and
liquids. |
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17.
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During earthquakes, the most violent shaking occurs
a. | in cities. | c. | where P waves and S waves meet. | b. | at the
focus. | d. | at the
epicenter. |
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18.
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The San Andreas fault movement in 1906 caused
a. | a great tsunami that came ashore at San Francisco and did tremendous
damage. | c. | a volcano. | b. | an earthquake. | d. | a midocean ridge that emerged at Los
Angeles. |
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19.
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A tsunami is caused by
a. | folding of rock layers. | c. | an earthquake. | b. | lava flows from a
volcano. | d. | the erosion and
collapse of sea cliffs. |
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20.
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S waves differ from P waves because they
a. | cause rocks to move at right angles to the waves. | c. | pass through solids, liquids, and
gases. | b. | are faster than P waves. | d. | speed up as they pass through more dense material in the
Earth. |
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21.
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The slowest of the earthquake waves are the
a. | S waves. | c. | P waves. | b. | L waves. | d. | A waves. |
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22.
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An operating seismograph is an instrument that has a
a. | pen attached by a wire to a rotating drum. | c. | weight that does not move during an
earthquake. | b. | weighted drum that does not move when the Earth shakes. | d. | stationary drum attached to a heavy weight that
does not move. |
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23.
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According to the Richter scale, a very destructive earthquake would have
a
magnitude equal to or greater
than
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24.
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An operating seismograph that sits motionless and suddenly receives a
P
wave from an earthquake
records a line that is
a. | wavy | c. | straight | b. | a straight line followed by a wavy
line. | d. | a wavy line followed
by a straight line and another wavy line. |
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25.
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According to the Richter scale, an earthquake with a magnitude of 4 is how many
times stronger than an earthquake with a magnitude of 2?
a. | 10 times | c. | 100 times | b. | 20 times | d. | 40 times |
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26.
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A seismologist is a specialist who
a. | studies the history of the Earth. | c. | helps people make the best use of
land without harming it. | b. | studies faults and how the Earth’s crust
moves along those faults. | d. | inspects mineral resources and ensures that safety regulations are followed in their
use. |
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27.
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Using the Richter scale, which of these earthquake magnitudes indicates that an
earthquake is very destructive?
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28.
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The amount of damage caused by an earthquake does not depend on the
a. | strength of the quake. | c. | population of the quake area. | b. | distance the
seismograph stations are located from the epicenter. | d. | strength of the buildings in the quake
area. |
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29.
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A warning signal that will not help us predict earthquakes in an area is
a. | a drop in the height of land near a fault. | c. | a change in speeds of incoming P
and S waves. | b. | the rise and fall of water in a well. | d. | an abrupt change in barometric
pressure. |
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30.
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The difference between lava and magma is that
a. | lava is not melted rock. | c. | lava reaches the Earth’s
surface and magma does not. | b. | magma is igneous and lava is
not.
| d. | magma reaches the
Earth’s surface and lava does not. |
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31.
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A volcanic eruption is
a. | an intensity of 7 measured on the Richter scale. | c. | a tremendous fault-block mountain
resulting from two separate faults | b. | a giant sea wave with destructive
force. | d. | a discharge of lava
from an Earth vent. |
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32.
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A volcano is a “window” into the Earth because
a. | through the opening of the volcano, scientists can travel into the Earth’s
interior. | c. | materials ejected by a volcano can give scientists clues about the Earth’s
interior | b. | extinct volcanoes leave a cool, open tunnel into the Earth through which studies of
the Earth’s deep interior can be accomplished. | d. | scientific research equipment lowered many
kilometers through volcanic
openings has provided valuable data about the outer core of the
Earth. |
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33.
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Rhyolite is a hardened form of lava that
a. | resembles granite, is light in color, and contains silica. | c. | contains abundant
gases that form holes in the rock and is either dark or light in color. | b. | is dark in color and
is rich in iron and magnesium. | d. | contains a lot of water and is rich in iron and carbon
dioxide. |
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34.
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Pumice is different from basalt because it
a. | is dark and very heavy. | c. | lacks silica. | b. | contains a lot of
gas bubbles. | d. | lacks gas
bubbles. |
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35.
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Dark-colored lava
a. | is thin and runny. | c. | contains no water. | b. | is thick and lumpy. | d. | is very noisy as it flows from a
volcano. |
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36.
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While observing and studying a volcano in Hawaii, you captured some
of
the volcanic material
falling from the air. If the material all measured
at
least 1.0 mm in size, you
would correctly classify it as
a. | cinders | c. | volcanic dust. | b. | volcanic bombs. | d. | volcanic ash. |
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37.
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Materials the size of golf balls hurled from an active volcano would be
classified as
a. | ash | c. | cinders | b. | cones | d. | dust |
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38.
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One of the most famous composite volcanoes is
a. | Paricutin in Mexico. | c. | Kilauea in Hawaii. | b. | Izalco in El Salvador. | d. | Mount Etna in
Italy. |
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39.
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The Ring of Fire zone includes
a. | New Zealand, the Philippines, and Japan. | c. | Iceland | b. | Italy, Greece, and
Turkey. | d. | Asia and
India |
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40.
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To measure an earthquake, you would use a
a. | barometer | c. | balance | b. | graduated cylinder. | d. | seismograph |
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